ANALISIS PARADIGMA POSITIVISME, KRITIS, KONSTRUKTIVISME SERTA PENERAPANNYA DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

Abstract

The development of knowledge is greatly influenced by paradigms that serve as frameworks for ways of thinking in viewing the world realistically, seeking knowledge, and conducting research. In economics and social sciences, three commonly used paradigms are positivism, critical, and constructivism. Each existing paradigm has different characteristics to explain phenomena. In Islamic economics, it is very important to use an appropriate paradigm because it will influence the direction of theory development and practice based on Sharia. The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning and characteristics of the positivist, critical, and constructivist paradigms, analyze the differences among the three paradigms in terms of ontology, epistemology, and methodology, and provide examples of the application of these three paradigms in Islamic economics. The method used in this study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research method. Data was collected and reviewed from various sources including books, scientific journals, and articles related to paradigms and their application in Islamic economics. Then, the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study found that the three paradigms have fundamental differences. Positivism views reality as something objective and measurable, uses quantitative methods, and seeks cause-and-effect relationships. The critical paradigm sees reality as shaped by power and ideology, aims for social emancipation, and uses participatory and reflective qualitative methods. The constructivist paradigm views reality as something subjective and socially constructed, emphasizes understanding meaning, and uses interpretive qualitative methods. Examples in Islamic economics include quantitative analysis of Sharia stock indices (positivism), critical analysis of usury (critical), and studies on building economic literacy (constructivism).